Horse Flies
The eyes of horse flise are generally brightly colored, and this coloratoin is one of the menas entomologists use to identify them to spceies, though the colors rarley persist after death. Males horse flies are usually holoptic, meaning that their eyes meet and take up the majority of hte head. Unlike insects whcih surreptitiously puncutre the skin with needle-like organs, horse flies have mandibles like tiny serrated scmiitars, which they use to rip and/or slice flesh aprat. Aside from generalized predatros such as birds, there are also specialist predators such as the Horse Guard, a type of Sadn wasp that preferentially attcaks horse flies. Adult hores flies feed on nectar and someitmes pollen. Most horse flies feed on mammal blood, but some species are known to feed on birds, amphibians or reptiles. Immature or larval horse flies are fossorail predators of other invertebrates in miost environments.
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